Neuro Architecture: How Multi-Sensory Design Can Promote Mental And Physical Wellbeing

People are different. Neuro Architecture (Neuro Science for architecture) addresses these differences by adapting the built environment accordingly.

Multi-sensory design is a fundamental strand of Neuro Architecture.  With an average of 95% of our time spent indoors, and five senses, designing for sight only is not enough. Luckily, more architects are learning to design more holistically with healing in mind. At Veld Architects, this is a value we have embedded deeply in our core.

Of course, what we see in a building carries a lot of weight. People are generally led by what they see. But by allowing people to experience more senses in a space, architects can help encourage an emotional connection. Thereby, instilling a spirit of place (genius loci).

When we get multi-sensory design right, a space is brought into balance. It will feel make occupants feel happy, stimulated, comfortable, safe etc. All of which contributes to overall wellbeing.

Sadly, neglecting to design for other senses, has been connected to a number of health concerns including:

  • Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) – headaches, eye/nose/throat irritation, fatigue, and dizziness due to a lack of olfactory (sense of smell).
  • Noise pollution in our cities which directly affect sleep, health and well-being,
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) during autumn and winter caused by less natural light.
  • Cognitive fatigue and reduced concentration due to environments that overstimulate or under-stimulate the senses caused by a lack of natural textures, changes in acoustics etc.
  • Anxiety and mood disorders due to sterile, impersonal spaces that lack biophilic elements like plants, natural ventilation, or access to views of nature.
  • Obesity due to obesogenic environments, or buildings that discourage movement and physical engagement with space.
  • Sensory processing issues, especially in children or neurodiverse individuals which is worsened in environments with harsh lighting, echoey acoustics, or overpowering smells.

Here’s how architects can help make a building more healthy by prioritising human senses:

What we see

When we look at a space, we don’t just see the interior décor choices and like or dislike them. We perceive colour, scale, proportion, brightness, movement—and all of this affects how we feel.

In general, colour can trigger the following feelings:

  • Oranges – friendliness
  • Yellows – happiness
  • Reds – warmth or danger
  • Blues – coolness
  • Greens – calmness
  • Purples – serenity
  • Whites – cleanliness
  • Darks – sophistication or sometimes gloom

The use of light directly affects our circadian rhythm, which in turn influences comfort levels, appetite, motivation, mood, and energy.

Architects therefore need to prioritise:

  • Maximising natural light through large windows, skylights and light wells.
  • Designing with dynamic lighting that mimics natural daylight patterns.
  • Using colour theory strategically in spaces like classrooms, bedrooms or healthcare environments.
  • Considering visual connection to nature through framed views, garden courtyards, or green roofs.

What we hear

Surrounding noises like traffic or construction can have a negative effect on our health, particularly in the city.

But it’s not just about blocking unwelcoming noises. It’s about allowing natural, calming sounds in. The sound of birds, rustling leaves, or running water can reduce stress and make us feel more relaxed, present, and connected to the environment.

Architects therefore need to prioritise:

  • Acoustic zoning by placing quiet rooms away from noisy ones or external noise sources.
  • Using absorbent materials like timber slats, acoustic panels, cork, and fabric to soften echo.
  • Incorporating elements like water features or open courtyards to introduce soothing natural sounds.
  • Designing operable windows to let in the soft sounds of nature where possible.

What we feel

When we see certain surfaces and textures, we can feel it too. It helps us connect physically with a space. That’s why too many slippery or cold surfaces will make the space feel cold, unwelcome and uncomfortable. But a balance of textures, especially the use of natural materials brings warmth and authenticity.

Architects therefore need to prioritise:

  • A mix of warm and cool textures like timber floors, soft upholstery, raw brick, and woven fibres.
  • Encouraging barefoot or direct contact experiences in certain areas (e.g. timber decking or warm stone).
  • Selecting materials with natural imperfections that invite touch and exploration.
  • Layering textures to create depth and richness in a space.

What we smell

Smell in design help us to remember the built environment differently. Good smells make good memories, bad ones or even the absence of smell can trigger negative associations.

Architects therefore need to prioritise:

  • Incorporating natural ventilation and cross-breezes to keep air fresh.
  • Choosing low-VOC or natural materials and finishes that don’t off-gas harmful chemicals.
  • Designing with aromatic gardens, scented planters, or timber that carries a subtle smell.
  • Avoiding enclosed areas with poor airflow that trap humidity, mould, or chemical smells.

What we taste

Taste is perhaps one of the most difficult of the senses when it comes to design. But because taste is closely linked with smell and memory, it’s often evoked indirectly through sensory-rich environments.

Architects therefore need to prioritise:

  • Designing communal kitchens, edible gardens, or spaces for food preparation and gathering.
  • Creating outdoor terraces or rooftop spaces for growing herbs or fruit.
  • Encouraging the rituals of eating together by designing inclusive dining spaces.

Supporting wellness-focused environments such as farm-to-table cafés in buildings or active food gardens in schools or workplaces.

At Veld Architects, we care about the wellbeing of our clients. That’s why our designs have purpose. Our aim is to positively impact the health and happiness of a building’s end-users through Neuro Architecture.

So, don’t just choose any architect.

Join the VELD Lifestyle.

Make your next design a Veld Design.

RELATED: Designing Homes with Purpose

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